12. Advanced SOS Example Requests

Workflow Overview

In the last section were examples given how to insert a new sensor into the SOS (InsertSensor), how to insert a new observation for a registered sensor (InserObservation), how to get metadata about the SOS instance itself (GetCapabilities), how to get information about the available observations (GetDataAvailability) and how to get observation data (GetObservation). In this section the same operations are used, but this time the example is a complex observation with multiple results.

InsertSensor

Again an exemplar InsertSensor request against a local installation of the SOS (http://localhost:8080/52n-sos-webapp/service) using POX binding is illustrated in the below example. This time the observation of the sensor is a complex type (<sos:observationType>). The sensor in this example is a weather sensor measuring the air temperature, providing a wmo (world meteorological organization) weather code, giving information if it is freezing, observing the wind direction, measuring the wind speed and commiting a manuel observation. The sensor is located at the office of 52°North GmbH in the city of Muenster.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<swes:InsertSensor
    xmlns:swes="http://www.opengis.net/swes/2.0"
    xmlns:sos="http://www.opengis.net/sos/2.0"
    xmlns:swe="http://www.opengis.net/swe/2.0"
    xmlns:sml="http://www.opengis.net/sensorml/2.0"
    xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2"
    xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:gco="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gco"
    xmlns:gmd="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd" service="SOS" version="2.0.0" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.opengis.net/sos/2.0 http://schemas.opengis.net/sos/2.0/sosInsertSensor.xsd  http://www.opengis.net/swes/2.0 http://schemas.opengis.net/swes/2.0/swes.xsd">
    <!-- reference to a known procedure description format such as “http://www.opengis.net/sensorML/1.0.1” or “http://www.opengis.net/sensorML/2.0” -->
	<swes:procedureDescriptionFormat>http://www.opengis.net/sensorml/2.0</swes:procedureDescriptionFormat>
    <!-- procedure/ sensor description using the format specified in parameter procedureDescriptionFormat, e.g. a valid SensorML document -->
	<swes:procedureDescription>
        <sml:PhysicalSystem gml:id="Weather_Sensor">
            <!-- unique identifier of the procedure/ sensor (used for references) -->
            <gml:identifier codeSpace="uniqueID">Weather_Sensor_1234</gml:identifier>
            <sml:identification>
                <sml:IdentifierList>
                    <!-- long and short description of the procedure/ sensor -->
					<sml:identifier>
                        <sml:Term definition="urn:ogc:def:identifier:OGC:1.0:longName">
                            <sml:label>longName</sml:label>
                            <sml:value>Weather Sensor 1234 at the 52°North GmbH office building</sml:value>
                        </sml:Term>
                    </sml:identifier>
                    <sml:identifier>
                        <sml:Term definition="urn:ogc:def:identifier:OGC:1.0:shortName">
                            <sml:label>shortName</sml:label>
                            <sml:value>Weather Sensor 1234</sml:value>
                        </sml:Term>
                    </sml:identifier>
                </sml:IdentifierList>
            </sml:identification>
			<!-- offering of the procedure/ sensor -->
            <sml:capabilities name="offerings">
                <sml:CapabilityList>
                    <!-- Special capabilities used to specify offerings. -->
                    <!-- Parsed and removed during InsertSensor/UpdateSensorDescription, added during DescribeSensor. -->
                    <!-- Offering is generated if not specified. -->
                    <sml:capability name="offeringID">
                        <swe:Text definition="urn:ogc:def:identifier:OGC:offeringID">
                            <!-- name of the offering -->
							<swe:label>Weather Sensor 1234 Offering</swe:label>
							<!-- unique identifier of the offering (used for references) -->
                            <swe:value>Weather_Sensor_1234_offering</swe:value>
                        </swe:Text>
                    </sml:capability>
                </sml:CapabilityList>
            </sml:capabilities>
            <sml:capabilities name="metadata">
                <sml:CapabilityList>
                    <!-- status indicates, whether sensor is insitu (true) or remote (false) -->
                    <sml:capability name="insitu">
                        <swe:Boolean definition="insitu">
                            <swe:value>true</swe:value>
                        </swe:Boolean>
                    </sml:capability>
                    <!-- status indicates, whether sensor is mobile (true) or fixed/stationary (false) -->
                    <sml:capability name="mobile">
                        <swe:Boolean definition="mobile">
                            <swe:value>false</swe:value>
                        </swe:Boolean>
                    </sml:capability>
                </sml:CapabilityList>
            </sml:capabilities>
			<!-- feature of interest of the procedure/ sensor -->
            <sml:featuresOfInterest>
                <sml:FeatureList definition="http://www.opengis.net/def/featureOfInterest/identifier">
                    <!-- name of the feature of interest -->
					<swe:label>Muenster</swe:label>
					<!-- unique identifier of the feature of interest (used for references) -->
                    <sml:feature xlink:href="Muenster"/>
                </sml:FeatureList>
            </sml:featuresOfInterest>
            <sml:inputs>
                <sml:InputList>
                    <!-- input of the procedure/ sensor (multiple inputs possible) -->
					<sml:input name="weather">
                        <sml:ObservableProperty definition="weather"/>
                    </sml:input>
                </sml:InputList>
            </sml:inputs>
            <sml:outputs>
                <sml:OutputList>
                    <!-- output of the procedure/ sensor (multiple output possible) -->
					<sml:output name="weather_observation">
                        <!-- this complex observation has multiple results -->
						<swe:DataRecord>
                            <swe:field name="air_temperature">
                                <swe:Quantity definition="http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P07/current/CFSN0023/">
                                    <swe:label>air_temperature</swe:label>
									<swe:uom code="degC"/>
                                </swe:Quantity>
                            </swe:field>
							<swe:field name="wmo_weather_code">
                                <swe:Category definition="https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0021/0002199/1.1/data/0-data/HTML/WMO-CODE/WMO4677.HTM">
									<swe:codeSpace xlink:href="NOT_DEFINED"/>
								</swe:Category>
                            </swe:field>
							<swe:field name="isFreezing">
                                <swe:Boolean definition="isFreezing"/>
                            </swe:field>
							<swe:field name="wind_direction">
                                <swe:Quantity definition="wind_direction">
									<swe:uom code="degree"/>
								</swe:Quantity>
                            </swe:field>
							<swe:field name="wind_speed">
                                <swe:Quantity definition="http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P25/current/WINDS/">
									<swe:uom code="m/s"/>
								</swe:Quantity>
                            </swe:field>
							<swe:field name="manuel_observation">
                                <swe:Text definition="manuel_observation"/>
                            </swe:field>
                        </swe:DataRecord>
                    </sml:output>
                </sml:OutputList>
            </sml:outputs>
			<!-- position of the procedure/ sensor -->
            <sml:position>
                <swe:Vector referenceFrame="urn:ogc:def:crs:EPSG::4326">
                    <swe:coordinate name="easting">
                        <swe:Quantity axisID="x">
                            <swe:uom code="degree"/>
                            <swe:value>7.651968812254194</swe:value>
                        </swe:Quantity>
                    </swe:coordinate>
                    <swe:coordinate name="northing">
                        <swe:Quantity axisID="y">
                            <swe:uom code="degree"/>
                            <swe:value>51.935101100104916</swe:value>
                        </swe:Quantity>
                    </swe:coordinate>
                    <swe:coordinate name="altitude">
                        <swe:Quantity axisID="z">
                            <swe:uom code="m"/>
                            <swe:value>52.0</swe:value>
                        </swe:Quantity>
                    </swe:coordinate>
                </swe:Vector>
            </sml:position>
        </sml:PhysicalSystem>
    </swes:procedureDescription>
    <!-- reference to a dedicated observable property/ phenomenon that is measured by the inserted procedure/ sensor (multiple values possible) -->
    <swes:observableProperty>weather_observation</swes:observableProperty>
    <swes:metadata>
        <sos:SosInsertionMetadata>
            <!-- reference to an observation type which is produced by the procedure/ sensor (multiple values possible) -->
            <sos:observationType>http://www.opengis.net/def/observationType/OGC-OM/2.0/OM_ComplexObservation</sos:observationType>
            <!-- reference to the type of the feature of interest which is observed by the procedure/ sensor -->
            <sos:featureOfInterestType>http://www.opengis.net/def/samplingFeatureType/OGC-OM/2.0/SF_SamplingPoint</sos:featureOfInterestType>
        </sos:SosInsertionMetadata>
    </swes:metadata>
</swes:InsertSensor>

The response is similar to the example in the previous section. The SOS responds with a pointer to the created sensor instance (<swes:assignedProcedure>) as well as a pointer to the created offering associated to the inserted sensor/procedure (<swes:assignedOffering>). This references are needed for the next step to insert an observation.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<swes:InsertSensorResponse xmlns:swes="http://www.opengis.net/swes/2.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.opengis.net/swes/2.0 http://schemas.opengis.net/swes/2.0/swesInsertSensor.xsd">
  <!-- reference to the created procedure/ sensor instance -->
  <swes:assignedProcedure>Weather_Sensor_1234</swes:assignedProcedure>
  <!-- reference to the created offering associated to the inserted procedure/ sensor -->
  <swes:assignedOffering>Weather_Sensor_1234_offering</swes:assignedOffering>
</swes:InsertSensorResponse>

InsertObservation

As previous this example of an InsertObservation request uses the reference to the procedure/ sensor and the reference to the offering of the InsertSensor response. In this example the observation has multiple values which are the air temperature of 18.2°C, the wmo weather code 80, the information that it is not freezing, the wind direction of 312 degree, the wind speed of 7.6 m/s and the manuel text “slight rain shower”. The observation in Muenster applies for 09:37:12 o’clock local time on the 6. August 2021

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<sos:InsertObservation
    xmlns:sos="http://www.opengis.net/sos/2.0"
    xmlns:swes="http://www.opengis.net/swes/2.0"
    xmlns:swe="http://www.opengis.net/swe/2.0"
    xmlns:sml="http://www.opengis.net/sensorML/1.0.1"
    xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2"
    xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
    xmlns:om="http://www.opengis.net/om/2.0"
    xmlns:sams="http://www.opengis.net/samplingSpatial/2.0"
    xmlns:sf="http://www.opengis.net/sampling/2.0"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" service="SOS" version="2.0.0" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.opengis.net/sos/2.0 http://schemas.opengis.net/sos/2.0/sos.xsd          http://www.opengis.net/samplingSpatial/2.0 http://schemas.opengis.net/samplingSpatial/2.0/spatialSamplingFeature.xsd">
    <!-- reference to an offering (multiple offerings possible) -->
    <sos:offering>Weather_Sensor_1234_offering</sos:offering>
    <sos:observation>
        <om:OM_Observation gml:id="o1">
            <!-- reference to the type of the observation -->
			<om:type xlink:href="http://www.opengis.net/def/observationType/OGC-OM/2.0/OM_ComplexObservation"/>
			<!-- period in time for which the observation applies -->
            <om:phenomenonTime>
                <gml:TimeInstant gml:id="phenomenonTime">
                    <gml:timePosition>2021-08-06T09:37:12.000+02:00</gml:timePosition>
                </gml:TimeInstant>
            </om:phenomenonTime>
			<!-- point in time when the observation was published (here: reference to phenomenonTime) -->
            <om:resultTime xlink:href="#phenomenonTime"/>
			<!-- reference to the procedure/ sensor -->
            <om:procedure xlink:href="Weather_Sensor_1234"/>
			<!-- reference to the observed property/ phenomenon -->
            <om:observedProperty xlink:href="weather_observation"/>
			<!-- feature of interest of the observation -->
            <om:featureOfInterest>
                <sams:SF_SpatialSamplingFeature gml:id="ssf_muenster">
					<!-- unique identifier of the featur of interest -->
                    <gml:identifier codeSpace="">Muenster</gml:identifier>
					<!-- name of the feature of interest -->
                    <gml:name>Muenster</gml:name>
					<!-- reference to the geometry type of the feature of interest -->
                    <sf:type xlink:href="http://www.opengis.net/def/samplingFeatureType/OGC-OM/2.0/SF_SamplingPoint"/>
					<!-- reference to the sampled feature (here: no sampled feature) -->
                    <sf:sampledFeature xlink:href="http://www.opengis.net/def/nil/OGC/0/unknown"/>
					<!-- geometry of the feature of interest -->
                    <sams:shape>
                        <gml:Point gml:id="p_muenster">
                            <gml:pos srsName="http://www.opengis.net/def/crs/EPSG/0/4326">51.935101100104916 7.651968812254194</gml:pos>
                        </gml:Point>
                    </sams:shape>
                </sams:SF_SpatialSamplingFeature>
            </om:featureOfInterest>
			<!-- result of the observation -->
            <om:result xsi:type="swe:DataRecordPropertyType">
                <!-- this complex observation has multiple results -->
				<swe:DataRecord>
                    <swe:field name="air_temperature">
                        <swe:Quantity definition="http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P07/current/CFSN0023/">
							<swe:uom code="degC"/>
							<swe:value>18.2</swe:value>
                        </swe:Quantity>
                    </swe:field>
					<swe:field name="wmo_weather_code">
                        <swe:Category definition="https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0021/0002199/1.1/data/0-data/HTML/WMO-CODE/WMO4677.HTM">
							<swe:codeSpace xlink:href="NOT_DEFINED"/>
							<swe:value>80</swe:value>
						</swe:Category>
                    </swe:field>
					<swe:field name="isFreezing">
                        <swe:Boolean definition="isFreezing">
							<swe:value>false</swe:value>
						</swe:Boolean>
                    </swe:field>
					<swe:field name="wind_direction">
                        <swe:Quantity definition="wind_direction">
							<swe:uom code="degree"/>
							<swe:value>312</swe:value>
						</swe:Quantity>
                    </swe:field>
					<swe:field name="wind_speed">
                        <swe:Quantity definition="http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P25/current/WINDS/">
							<swe:uom code="m/s"/>
							<swe:value>7.6</swe:value>
						</swe:Quantity>
                    </swe:field>
					<swe:field name="manuel_observation">
                        <swe:Text definition="manuel_observation">
							<swe:value>slight rain shower</swe:value>
						</swe:Text>
                    </swe:field>
                </swe:DataRecord>
            </om:result>
        </om:OM_Observation>
    </sos:observation>
</sos:InsertObservation>

A successful insertion results in an instance of an insert observation response (<sos:InsertObservationResponse>).

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<sos:InsertObservationResponse xmlns:sos="http://www.opengis.net/sos/2.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.opengis.net/sos/2.0 http://schemas.opengis.net/sos/2.0/sosInsertObservation.xsd"/>

GetCapabilities

The GetCapabilities request is identical to the example in the last section.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<sos:GetCapabilities
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:sos="http://www.opengis.net/sos/2.0"
    xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows/1.1"
    xmlns:swe="http://www.opengis.net/swe/2.0" service="SOS" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.opengis.net/sos/2.0 http://schemas.opengis.net/sos/2.0/sosGetCapabilities.xsd">
    <!-- submit the accepted version -->
	<ows:AcceptVersions>
        <ows:Version>2.0.0</ows:Version>
    </ows:AcceptVersions>
	<!-- response document includes this sections and omits all others -->
	<ows:Sections>
        <ows:Section>OperationsMetadata</ows:Section>
        <ows:Section>ServiceIdentification</ows:Section>
        <ows:Section>ServiceProvider</ows:Section>
        <ows:Section>FilterCapabilities</ows:Section>
        <ows:Section>Contents</ows:Section>
    </ows:Sections>
</sos:GetCapabilities>

Again the response document of the example request contains the most relevant sections. These are the service identification which provides metadata about the service itself (<ows:ServiceIdentification>), the service provider which offers metadata about the provider/ organization (<ows:ServiceProvider>), the operations metadata which contains metadata about the offered operations (<ows:OperationsMetadata>), the filter capabilities which includes metadata about the supported filter functionalities (<sos:filterCapabilities>) and the contents which contains metadata about available observation offerings (<sos:contents>). The following response of the exemplar GetCapabilities request is not completely shown. Some parts are omitted to enable better readabiltiy.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<sos:Capabilities xmlns:sos="http://www.opengis.net/sos/2.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ows="http://www.opengis.net/ows/1.1" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:fes="http://www.opengis.net/fes/2.0" xmlns:swes="http://www.opengis.net/swes/2.0" xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2" version="2.0.0" updateSequence="2021-08-12T14:16:09.713+02:00" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.opengis.net/sos/2.0 http://schemas.opengis.net/sos/2.0/sosGetCapabilities.xsd">
  <!-- metadata about the service itself, such as title, version, language -->
  <ows:ServiceIdentification>
    <ows:Title xml:lang="eng">52N SOS</ows:Title>
    <ows:Abstract xml:lang="eng">52North Sensor Observation Service - Data Access for the Sensor Web</ows:Abstract>
    <ows:ServiceType>OGC:SOS</ows:ServiceType>
    <ows:ServiceTypeVersion>1.0.0</ows:ServiceTypeVersion>
    <ows:ServiceTypeVersion>2.0.0</ows:ServiceTypeVersion>
    <ows:Profile>http://www.opengis.net/extension/SOSDO/1.0/observationDeletion</ows:Profile>
    <ows:Profile>http://www.opengis.net/extension/SOSDO/2.0/observationDeletion</ows:Profile>
    <!-- ... -->
    <ows:Fees>NONE</ows:Fees>
    <ows:AccessConstraints>NONE</ows:AccessConstraints>
  </ows:ServiceIdentification>
  <!-- metadata about the provider/ organization, such as contact information -->
  <ows:ServiceProvider>
    <ows:ProviderName>52North</ows:ProviderName>
    <ows:ProviderSite xlink:href="TBA" xlink:title="TBA"/>
    <ows:ServiceContact>
      <ows:IndividualName>TBA</ows:IndividualName>
      <ows:PositionName>TBA</ows:PositionName>
      <ows:ContactInfo>
        <ows:Phone>
          <ows:Voice>+49(0)251/396 371-0</ows:Voice>
          <ows:Facsimile>TBA</ows:Facsimile>
        </ows:Phone>
        <ows:Address>
          <ows:DeliveryPoint>Martin-Luther-King-Weg 24</ows:DeliveryPoint>
          <ows:City>Münster</ows:City>
          <ows:AdministrativeArea>North Rhine-Westphalia</ows:AdministrativeArea>
          <ows:PostalCode>48155</ows:PostalCode>
          <ows:Country>Germany</ows:Country>
          <ows:ElectronicMailAddress>info@52north.org</ows:ElectronicMailAddress>
        </ows:Address>
        <ows:OnlineResource xlink:href="http://52north.org/swe"/>
        <ows:HoursOfService>TBA</ows:HoursOfService>
        <ows:ContactInstructions>TBA</ows:ContactInstructions>
      </ows:ContactInfo>
      <ows:Role codeSpace="TBA">TBA</ows:Role>
    </ows:ServiceContact>
  </ows:ServiceProvider>
  <!-- metadata about the offered operations, including which operations are offered (like GetCapabilites, DescribeSensor, GetObservation, …), available bindings (e.g. POX, KVP, SOAP, JSON) and a URL endpoint -->
  <ows:OperationsMetadata>
    <!-- ... -->
    </ows:Operation>
    <ows:Operation name="DescribeSensor">
      <ows:DCP>
        <ows:HTTP>
          <ows:Get xlink:href="http://localhost:8080/52n-sos-webapp/service">
            <ows:Constraint name="Content-Type">
              <ows:AllowedValues>
                <ows:Value>application/x-kvp</ows:Value>
              </ows:AllowedValues>
            </ows:Constraint>
          </ows:Get>
          <ows:Post xlink:href="http://localhost:8080/52n-sos-webapp/service">
            <ows:Constraint name="Content-Type">
              <ows:AllowedValues>
                <ows:Value>application/exi</ows:Value>
                <ows:Value>application/json</ows:Value>
                <ows:Value>application/soap+xml</ows:Value>
                <ows:Value>application/xml</ows:Value>
                <ows:Value>text/xml</ows:Value>
              </ows:AllowedValues>
            </ows:Constraint>
          </ows:Post>
        </ows:HTTP>
      </ows:DCP>
      <ows:Parameter name="procedure">
        <ows:AllowedValues>
          <ows:Value>Weather_Sensor_1234</ows:Value>
        </ows:AllowedValues>
      </ows:Parameter>
      <ows:Parameter name="procedureDescriptionFormat">
        <ows:AllowedValues>
          <ows:Value>http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/schemas/ompr/3.0</ows:Value>
          <ows:Value>http://www.opengis.net/def/timeseries/observationProcess</ows:Value>
          <ows:Value>http://www.opengis.net/sensorML/1.0.1</ows:Value>
          <ows:Value>http://www.opengis.net/sensorml/2.0</ows:Value>
          <ows:Value>http://www.opengis.net/waterml/2.0/observationProcess</ows:Value>
        </ows:AllowedValues>
      </ows:Parameter>
      <ows:Parameter name="validTime">
        <ows:AnyValue/>
      </ows:Parameter>
    </ows:Operation>
    <ows:Operation name="GetCapabilities">
      <ows:DCP>
        <ows:HTTP>
          <ows:Get xlink:href="http://localhost:8080/52n-sos-webapp/service">
            <ows:Constraint name="Content-Type">
              <ows:AllowedValues>
                <ows:Value>application/x-kvp</ows:Value>
              </ows:AllowedValues>
            </ows:Constraint>
          </ows:Get>
          <ows:Post xlink:href="http://localhost:8080/52n-sos-webapp/service">
            <ows:Constraint name="Content-Type">
              <ows:AllowedValues>
                <ows:Value>application/exi</ows:Value>
                <ows:Value>application/json</ows:Value>
                <ows:Value>application/soap+xml</ows:Value>
                <ows:Value>application/xml</ows:Value>
                <ows:Value>text/xml</ows:Value>
              </ows:AllowedValues>
            </ows:Constraint>
          </ows:Post>
        </ows:HTTP>
      </ows:DCP>
      <ows:Parameter name="AcceptFormats">
        <ows:AllowedValues>
          <ows:Value>application/xml</ows:Value>
        </ows:AllowedValues>
      </ows:Parameter>
      <ows:Parameter name="AcceptVersions">
        <ows:AllowedValues>
          <ows:Value>1.0.0</ows:Value>
          <ows:Value>2.0.0</ows:Value>
        </ows:AllowedValues>
      </ows:Parameter>
      <ows:Parameter name="Sections">
        <ows:AllowedValues>
          <ows:Value>All</ows:Value>
          <ows:Value>Contents</ows:Value>
          <ows:Value>FilterCapabilities</ows:Value>
          <ows:Value>InsertionCapabilities</ows:Value>
          <ows:Value>OperationsMetadata</ows:Value>
          <ows:Value>ServiceIdentification</ows:Value>
          <ows:Value>ServiceProvider</ows:Value>
        </ows:AllowedValues>
      </ows:Parameter>
      <ows:Parameter name="updateSequence">
        <ows:NoValues/>
      </ows:Parameter>
    </ows:Operation>
    <!-- ... -->
  </ows:OperationsMetadata>
  <!-- metadata about the supported spatial and temporal filter functionalities extension: container for extensions -->
  <sos:filterCapabilities>
    <fes:Filter_Capabilities>
      <fes:Conformance>
        <fes:Constraint name="ImplementsAdHocQuery">
          <ows:NoValues/>
          <ows:DefaultValue>false</ows:DefaultValue>
        </fes:Constraint>
        <fes:Constraint name="ImplementsExtendedOperators">
          <ows:NoValues/>
          <ows:DefaultValue>false</ows:DefaultValue>
        </fes:Constraint>
        <!-- ... -->
      </fes:Conformance>
      <fes:Spatial_Capabilities>
        <fes:GeometryOperands>
          <fes:GeometryOperand xmlns:ns="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2" name="ns:Envelope"/>
        </fes:GeometryOperands>
        <fes:SpatialOperators>
          <fes:SpatialOperator name="BBOX">
            <fes:GeometryOperands>
              <fes:GeometryOperand xmlns:ns="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2" name="ns:Envelope"/>
            </fes:GeometryOperands>
          </fes:SpatialOperator>
        </fes:SpatialOperators>
      </fes:Spatial_Capabilities>
      <fes:Temporal_Capabilities>
        <fes:TemporalOperands>
          <fes:TemporalOperand xmlns:ns="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2" name="ns:TimeInstant"/>
          <fes:TemporalOperand xmlns:ns="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2" name="ns:TimePeriod"/>
        </fes:TemporalOperands>
        <fes:TemporalOperators>
          <fes:TemporalOperator name="Before">
            <fes:TemporalOperands>
              <fes:TemporalOperand xmlns:ns="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2" name="ns:TimeInstant"/>
              <fes:TemporalOperand xmlns:ns="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2" name="ns:TimePeriod"/>
            </fes:TemporalOperands>
          </fes:TemporalOperator>
          <fes:TemporalOperator name="After">
            <fes:TemporalOperands>
              <fes:TemporalOperand xmlns:ns="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2" name="ns:TimeInstant"/>
              <fes:TemporalOperand xmlns:ns="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2" name="ns:TimePeriod"/>
            </fes:TemporalOperands>
          </fes:TemporalOperator>
          <!-- ... -->
        </fes:TemporalOperators>
      </fes:Temporal_Capabilities>
    </fes:Filter_Capabilities>
  </sos:filterCapabilities>
  <!-- metadata about available observation offerings including their associated properties such as identifier, procedure, reponseFormats, temporal and spatial aspects, ... -->
  <sos:contents>
    <sos:Contents>
      <swes:offering>
        <sos:ObservationOffering xmlns:ns="http://www.opengis.net/sos/2.0">
          <!-- unique identifier of the offering -->
		  <swes:identifier>Weather_Sensor_1234_offering</swes:identifier>
          <!-- name of the offering -->
		  <swes:name codeSpace="http://www.opengis.net/def/nil/OGC/0/unknown">Weather Sensor 1234 Offering</swes:name>
          <!-- unique identifier of the procedure/ sensor -->
		  <swes:procedure>Weather_Sensor_1234</swes:procedure>
          <!-- available formats for the sensor descriptions -->
		  <swes:procedureDescriptionFormat>http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/schemas/ompr/3.0</swes:procedureDescriptionFormat>
          <swes:procedureDescriptionFormat>http://www.opengis.net/def/timeseries/observationProcess</swes:procedureDescriptionFormat>
          <swes:procedureDescriptionFormat>http://www.opengis.net/sensorML/1.0.1</swes:procedureDescriptionFormat>
          <swes:procedureDescriptionFormat>http://www.opengis.net/sensorml/2.0</swes:procedureDescriptionFormat>
          <swes:procedureDescriptionFormat>http://www.opengis.net/waterml/2.0/observationProcess</swes:procedureDescriptionFormat>
          <!-- unique identifier of the observed property/ phenomena -->
		  <swes:observableProperty>weather_observation</swes:observableProperty>
          <swes:relatedFeature>
            <swes:FeatureRelationship>
              <swes:target xlink:href="Muenster"/>
            </swes:FeatureRelationship>
          </swes:relatedFeature>
          <!-- bounding box of the observed area -->
		  <sos:observedArea>
            <gml:Envelope srsName="http://www.opengis.net/def/crs/EPSG/0/4326">
              <gml:lowerCorner>51.935101100104916 7.651968812254194</gml:lowerCorner>
              <gml:upperCorner>51.935101100104916 7.651968812254194</gml:upperCorner>
            </gml:Envelope>
          </sos:observedArea>
          <!-- period in time for which the observations apply -->
		  <sos:phenomenonTime>
            <gml:TimePeriod gml:id="phenomenonTime_1">
              <gml:beginPosition>2021-08-06T07:37:12.000Z</gml:beginPosition>
              <gml:endPosition>2021-08-06T07:37:12.000Z</gml:endPosition>
            </gml:TimePeriod>
          </sos:phenomenonTime>
          <!-- period in time when the observations were published -->
		  <sos:resultTime>
            <gml:TimePeriod gml:id="resultTime_1">
              <gml:beginPosition>2021-08-06T07:37:12.000Z</gml:beginPosition>
              <gml:endPosition>2021-08-06T07:37:12.000Z</gml:endPosition>
            </gml:TimePeriod>
          </sos:resultTime>
          <!-- available response formats -->
		  <sos:responseFormat>application/json</sos:responseFormat>
          <sos:responseFormat>application/netcdf</sos:responseFormat>
          <!-- ... -->
          <!-- reference to the observation type -->
		  <sos:observationType>http://www.opengis.net/def/observationType/OGC-OM/2.0/OM_ComplexObservation</sos:observationType>
		  <!-- reference to the type of the associated featur of interest -->
          <sos:featureOfInterestType>http://www.opengis.net/def/samplingFeatureType/OGC-OM/2.0/SF_SamplingPoint</sos:featureOfInterestType>
        </sos:ObservationOffering>
      </swes:offering>
    </sos:Contents>
  </sos:contents>
</sos:Capabilities>

GetDataAvailability

Compared to the example of the previous section only the identifiers changed. As before the following GetDataAvailability request contains examples for each filter option.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<gda:GetDataAvailability
    xmlns:gda="http://www.opengis.net/sosgda/1.0"
    xmlns:swes="http://www.opengis.net/swes/2.0"
    xmlns:fes="http://www.opengis.net/fes/2.0"
    xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2"
    xmlns:swe="http://www.opengis.net/swe/2.0" service="SOS" version="2.0.0">
	<!-- response document includes data of this procedure and omits all others (optional, multiple values possible) -->
    <gda:procedure>Weather_Sensor_1234</gda:procedure>
	<!-- response document includes data of this observed property and omits all others (optional, multiple values possible) -->
    <gda:observedProperty>weather_observation</gda:observedProperty>
	<!-- response document includes data of this feature of interest and omits all others (optional, multiple values possible) -->
    <gda:featureOfInterest>Muenster</gda:featureOfInterest>
	<!-- response document includes data of this offering and omits all others (optional, multiple values possible) -->
    <gda:offering>Weather_Sensor_1234_offering</gda:offering>
</gda:GetDataAvailability>

The response document of the GetDataAvailability contains the procedure/ sensor, observed property/ phenomenon, feature of interest, phenomenon time, offering and description formats.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<gda:GetDataAvailabilityResponse xmlns:gda="http://www.opengis.net/sosgda/2.0" xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2" xmlns:swe="http://www.opengis.net/swe/2.0" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.opengis.net/sosgda/2.0 http://waterml2.org/schemas/gda/2.0/gda.xsd">
  <gda:dataAvailabilityMember gml:id="dam_1">
    <!-- procedure/ sensor of the observation -->
	<gda:procedure xlink:href="Weather_Sensor_1234" xlink:title="Weather Sensor 1234"/>
    <!-- observed property/ phenomenon of the observation -->
	<gda:observedProperty xlink:href="weather_observation" xlink:title="weather_observation"/>
    <!-- feature of interest of the observation -->
	<gda:featureOfInterest xlink:href="Muenster" xlink:title="Muenster"/>
    <!-- period in time for which the observation applies -->
	<gda:phenomenonTime>
      <gml:TimePeriod gml:id="tp_1">
        <gml:beginPosition>2021-08-06T07:37:12.000Z</gml:beginPosition>
        <gml:endPosition>2021-08-06T07:37:12.000Z</gml:endPosition>
      </gml:TimePeriod>
    </gda:phenomenonTime>
    <!-- offering of the observation -->
	<gda:offering xlink:href="Weather_Sensor_1234_offering" xlink:title="Weather Sensor 1234 Offering"/>
    <!-- available description formats -->
	<gda:formatDescriptor>
      <gda:procedureDescriptionFormatDescriptor>
        <gda:procedureDescriptionFormat>http://www.opengis.net/sensorml/2.0</gda:procedureDescriptionFormat>
      </gda:procedureDescriptionFormatDescriptor>
      <gda:observationFormatDescriptor>
        <gda:responseFormat>http://www.opengis.net/om/2.0</gda:responseFormat>
        <gda:observationType>http://www.opengis.net/def/observationType/OGC-OM/2.0/OM_ComplexObservation</gda:observationType>
      </gda:observationFormatDescriptor>
    </gda:formatDescriptor>
  </gda:dataAvailabilityMember>
</gda:GetDataAvailabilityResponse>

GetObservation

Also the following GetObservation request contains an example for each filter option:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<sos:GetObservation
    xmlns:sos="http://www.opengis.net/sos/2.0"
    xmlns:fes="http://www.opengis.net/fes/2.0"
    xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2"
    xmlns:swe="http://www.opengis.net/swe/2.0"
    xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
    xmlns:swes="http://www.opengis.net/swes/2.0"
    xmlns:sosrf="http://www.opengis.net/sosrf/1.0"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" service="SOS" version="2.0.0" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.opengis.net/sos/2.0 http://schemas.opengis.net/sos/2.0/sos.xsd">
	<!-- response document includes observation of this procedure and omits all others (optional, multiple values possible) -->
    <sos:procedure>Weather_Sensor_1234</sos:procedure>
    <!-- response document includes observation of this offering and omits all others (optional, multiple values possible) -->
    <sos:offering>Weather_Sensor_1234_offering</sos:offering>
    <!-- response document includes observation of this observed property and omits all others (optional, multiple values possible) -->
    <sos:observedProperty>weather_observation</sos:observedProperty>
    <!-- observations are filtered by time (optional) -->
    <sos:temporalFilter>
        <fes:During>
            <fes:ValueReference>phenomenonTime</fes:ValueReference>
            <gml:TimePeriod gml:id="tp_1">
                <gml:beginPosition>2021-08-06T09:00:00.000+02:00</gml:beginPosition>
                <gml:endPosition>2021-08-06T10:00:00.000+02:00</gml:endPosition>
            </gml:TimePeriod>
        </fes:During>
    </sos:temporalFilter>
    <!-- response document includes observation of this feature of interest and omits all others (optional, multiple values possible) -->
    <sos:featureOfInterest>Muenster</sos:featureOfInterest>
    <!-- observations are filtered by location (optional) -->
    <sos:spatialFilter>
        <fes:BBOX>
            <fes:ValueReference>om:featureOfInterest/sams:SF_SpatialSamplingFeature/sams:shape</fes:ValueReference>
            <gml:Envelope srsName="http://www.opengis.net/def/crs/EPSG/0/4326">
                <gml:lowerCorner>7.5 51.5</gml:lowerCorner>
                <gml:upperCorner>8.5 52.5</gml:upperCorner>
            </gml:Envelope>
        </fes:BBOX>
    </sos:spatialFilter>
    <!-- accepted response format (optional) -->
    <sos:responseFormat>http://www.opengis.net/om/2.0</sos:responseFormat>
</sos:GetObservation>

The response document to the GetObservation request can hold multiple observations. In this case it only includes the observation which was inserted earlier, but this time the observation holds multiple values.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<sos:GetObservationResponse xmlns:sos="http://www.opengis.net/sos/2.0" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:swes="http://www.opengis.net/swes/2.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.opengis.net/om/2.0 http://schemas.opengis.net/om/2.0/observation.xsd http://www.opengis.net/sos/2.0 http://schemas.opengis.net/sos/2.0/sos.xsd">
  <sos:observationData>
    <om:OM_Observation xmlns:om="http://www.opengis.net/om/2.0" xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2" gml:id="o_32">
      <!-- reference to the observation type -->
	  <om:type xlink:href="http://www.opengis.net/def/observationType/OGC-OM/2.0/OM_ComplexObservation"/>
      <!-- period in time for which the observation applies -->
	  <om:phenomenonTime>
        <gml:TimeInstant xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2" gml:id="phenomenonTime_32">
          <gml:timePosition>2021-08-06T07:37:12.000Z</gml:timePosition>
        </gml:TimeInstant>
      </om:phenomenonTime>
	  <!-- point in time when the observation was published (here: reference to phenomenonTime) -->
      <om:resultTime xlink:href="#phenomenonTime_32"/>
      <!-- procedure/ sensor of the observation -->
	  <om:procedure xlink:href="Weather_Sensor_1234" xlink:title="Weather Sensor 1234"/>
      <!-- observed property/ phenomenon of the observation -->
	  <om:observedProperty xlink:href="weather_observation" xlink:title="weather_observation"/>
      <!-- feature of interest of the observation -->
	  <om:featureOfInterest xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="Muenster" xlink:title="Muenster"/>
      <!-- result of the observation (here: multiple values) -->
	  <om:result xmlns:ns="http://www.opengis.net/swe/2.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xsi:type="ns:DataRecordPropertyType">
        <ns:DataRecord definition="weather_observation">
          <ns:identifier>weather_observation</ns:identifier>
          <ns:label>weather_observation</ns:label>
          <ns:field name="http___vocab.nerc.ac.uk_collection_P07_current_CFSN0023_">
            <ns:Quantity definition="http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P07/current/CFSN0023/">
              <ns:identifier>http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P07/current/CFSN0023/</ns:identifier>
              <ns:uom code="degC"/>
              <ns:value>18.2</ns:value>
            </ns:Quantity>
          </ns:field>
          <ns:field name="https___www.nodc.noaa.gov_archive_arc0021_0002199_1.1_data_0-data_HTML_WMO-CODE_WMO4677.HTM">
            <ns:Category definition="https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0021/0002199/1.1/data/0-data/HTML/WMO-CODE/WMO4677.HTM">
              <ns:identifier>https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0021/0002199/1.1/data/0-data/HTML/WMO-CODE/WMO4677.HTM</ns:identifier>
              <ns:codeSpace xlink:href="NOT_DEFINED"/>
              <ns:value>80</ns:value>
            </ns:Category>
          </ns:field>
          <ns:field name="isFreezing">
            <ns:Boolean definition="isFreezing">
              <ns:identifier>isFreezing</ns:identifier>
              <ns:value>false</ns:value>
            </ns:Boolean>
          </ns:field>
          <ns:field name="wind_direction">
            <ns:Quantity definition="wind_direction">
              <ns:identifier>wind_direction</ns:identifier>
              <ns:uom code="degree"/>
              <ns:value>312.0</ns:value>
            </ns:Quantity>
          </ns:field>
          <ns:field name="http___vocab.nerc.ac.uk_collection_P25_current_WINDS_">
            <ns:Quantity definition="http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P25/current/WINDS/">
              <ns:identifier>http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P25/current/WINDS/</ns:identifier>
              <ns:uom code="m/s"/>
              <ns:value>7.6</ns:value>
            </ns:Quantity>
          </ns:field>
          <ns:field name="manuel_observation">
            <ns:Text definition="manuel_observation">
              <ns:identifier>manuel_observation</ns:identifier>
              <ns:value>slight rain shower</ns:value>
            </ns:Text>
          </ns:field>
        </ns:DataRecord>
      </om:result>
    </om:OM_Observation>
  </sos:observationData>
</sos:GetObservationResponse>